I-Formate ingabonakala njengomgogodla we-bioeconomy engathathi hlangothi kwe-carbon, ekhiqizwa kusuka ku-CO2 kusetshenziswa izindlela zamakhemikhali (electro) futhi iguqulwe ibe yimikhiqizo engeziwe ngenani kusetshenziswa ama-enzymatic cascade noma ama-microorganisms aklanywe ngendlela ehlelekile. Isinyathelo esibalulekile ekwandiseni ukumuncwa kwe-formate yokwenziwa ukunciphisa kwayo i-formaldehyde eyinkimbinkimbi ngokushisa, okubonakala lapha njengokushintsha kombala ophuzi. Ikhredithi: I-Institute of Terrestrial Microbiology Max Planck/Geisel.
Ososayensi eMax Planck Institute badale indlela yokwenziwa kwe-metabolic eguqula i-carbon dioxide ibe yi-formaldehyde ngosizo lwe-formic acid, enikeza indlela engathathi hlangothi kwe-carbon yokukhiqiza izinto ezibalulekile.
Izindlela ezintsha ze-anabolic zokufakwa kwe-carbon dioxide azisizi nje kuphela ekunciphiseni amazinga e-carbon dioxide emoyeni, kodwa futhi zingathatha indawo yokukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali kwendabuko kwemithi kanye nezithako ezisebenzayo ngezinqubo zebhayoloji ezingathathi hlangothi kwe-carbon. Ucwaningo olusha lubonisa inqubo lapho i-formic acid ingasetshenziswa khona ukuguqula i-carbon dioxide ibe yinto ewusizo embonini yamakhemikhali.
Njengoba kukhushulwa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa, ukuthuthwa kwegesi noma ukuthuthwa kwegesi ebanga ukushisa okuvela emithonjeni emikhulu yokukhishwa kwegesi kuyinkinga ebalulekile. Ngokwemvelo, ukumuncwa kwegesi ebanga ukushisa selokhu kwaqhubeka izigidi zeminyaka, kodwa amandla ayo awanele neze ukukhokhela ukukhishwa kwegesi okuvela kubantu.
Abacwaningi abaholwa nguTobias Erb we-Institute of Terrestrial Microbiology. UMax Planck usebenzisa amathuluzi emvelo ukuthuthukisa izindlela ezintsha zokulungisa i-carbon dioxide. Manje sebephumelele ekwakheni indlela yokwenziwa kwe-metabolic ekhiqiza i-formaldehyde esabela kakhulu kusuka ku-formic acid, okuyindlela engaba khona phakathi kwe-photosynthesis yokwenziwa. I-Formaldehyde ingangena ngqo ezindleleni eziningana ze-metabolic ukuze yakhe ezinye izinto ezibalulekile ngaphandle kwemiphumela enobuthi. Njengasenqubweni yemvelo, izithako ezimbili eziyinhloko ziyadingeka: amandla kanye ne-carbon. Eyokuqala inganikezwa hhayi kuphela ngokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, kodwa nangogesi - isibonelo, amamojula elanga.
Ku-value chain, imithombo yekhabhoni iyaguquguquka. Ikhabhoni dioxide akuyona yodwa inketho lapha, sikhuluma ngazo zonke izakhi zekhabhoni ngazinye (amabhlogo okwakha e-C1): i-carbon monoxide, i-formic acid, i-formaldehyde, i-methanol kanye ne-methane. Kodwa-ke, cishe zonke lezi zinto zinobuthi obukhulu, kokubili ezintweni eziphilayo (i-carbon monoxide, i-formaldehyde, i-methanol) kanye neplanethi (i-methane njengegesi yokushisa). Kungemva kokuba i-formic acid isisusiwe esimweni sayo esiyisisekelo lapho ama-microorganisms amaningi ebekezelela khona amazinga aphezulu ayo.
“I-asidi ye-formic iwumthombo othembisayo kakhulu wekhabhoni,” kugcizelela uMaren Nattermann, umbhali wokuqala walolu cwaningo. “Kodwa ukuyiguqula ibe yi-formaldehyde in vitro kudinga amandla amaningi.” Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-formate, usawoti we-formate, ayiguquki kalula ibe yi-formaldehyde. “Kukhona isithiyo esikhulu samakhemikhali phakathi kwala ma-molecule amabili, futhi ngaphambi kokuba senze ukusabela kwangempela, kumelwe sinqobe ngosizo lwamandla e-biochemical – ATP.”
Inhloso yabacwaningi kwakuwukuthola indlela engabizi kakhulu. Phela, uma amandla amancane adingekayo ukuze kondliwe ikhabhoni ibe yi-metabolism, kulapho amandla amaningi angasetshenziswa khona ukukhuthaza ukukhula noma ukukhiqizwa. Kodwa ayikho indlela enjalo ngokwemvelo. “Ukutholakala kwama-enzyme abizwa ngokuthi ama-hybrid anemisebenzi eminingi kwadinga ubuhlakani,” kusho uTobias Erb. “Kodwa-ke, ukutholakala kwama-enzyme afanelekayo kumane kuyisiqalo. Sikhuluma ngezimpendulo ezingabalwa ndawonye ngoba zihamba kancane kakhulu—kwezinye izimo, kunokusabela okungaphansi kokukodwa ngomzuzwana nge-enzyme ngayinye. Izimpendulo zemvelo zingaqhubeka ngesivinini esiphindwe kayinkulungwane.” Yilapho i-biochemistry yokwenziwa ingena khona, kusho uMaren Nattermann: “Uma wazi isakhiwo kanye nendlela esebenza ngayo i-enzyme, uyazi ukuthi ungangenelela kuphi. Kube yinzuzo enkulu.”
Ukulungiswa kwama-enzyme kuhilela izindlela eziningana: ukushintshaniswa kwamabhlogo okwakha okukhethekile, ukukhiqizwa kokuguqulwa okungahleliwe, kanye nokukhetha umthamo. “Kokubili i-formate ne-formaldehyde kufanelekile kakhulu ngoba zingangena ezindongeni zamaseli. Singangeza i-formate endaweni yokukhulisa amaseli, ekhiqiza i-enzyme eguqula i-formaldehyde ephumayo ibe udayi ophuzi ongenabo ubuthi ngemva kwamahora ambalwa,” kusho uMaren. UNattermann uchaze.
Imiphumela esikhathini esifushane kangaka ibingeke yenzeke ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izindlela zokukhiqiza okuphezulu. Ukuze benze lokhu, abacwaningi babambisane nomlingani wezimboni uFesto e-Esslingen, eJalimane. “Ngemva kokushintshashintsha okungaba ngu-4,000, siphinde kane isivuno sethu,” kusho uMaren Nattermann. “Ngakho-ke, sakhe isisekelo sokukhula kwe-microorganism eyisibonelo i-E. coli, ihhashi elisebenzayo le-biotechnology, ku-formic acid. Kodwa-ke, okwamanje, amangqamuzana ethu angakhiqiza i-formaldehyde kuphela futhi awakwazi ukuqhubeka nokuguquka.”
Ngokubambisana nomlingani wakhe uSebastian Wink ovela kwi-Institute of Plant Molecular Physiology. Abacwaningi bakaMax Planck okwamanje bathuthukisa uhlobo olungathatha izinto eziphakathi futhi luzifake ku-metabolism ephakathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ithimba lenza ucwaningo ngokuguqulwa kwe-carbon dioxide ibe yi-formic acid nge-electrochemical neqembu elisebenzayo e-Institute of Chemical Energy Conversion. UMax Planck ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaWalter Leitner. Umgomo wesikhathi eside "ipulatifomu eyodwa efanelana nakho konke" kusukela ku-carbon dioxide ekhiqizwa yizinqubo ze-electrobiochemical kuya emikhiqizweni efana ne-insulin noma i-biodiesel.
Ireferensi: UMaren Nattermann, uSebastian Wenk, uPascal Pfister, uHai He, uSeung Hwang Lee, uWitold Szymanski, uNils Guntermann, uFaiying Zhu “Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-cascade entsha yokuguqulwa kwe-formate encike kwi-phosphate ibe yi-formaldehyde in vitro kanye ne-in vivo”, uLennart Nickel. , uCharlotte Wallner, uJan Zarzycki, uNicole Pachia, uNina Gaisert, uGiancarlo Francio, uWalter Leitner, uRamon Gonzalez, kanye noTobias J. Erb, Meyi 9, 2023, Nature Communications.DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38072-w
I-SciTechDaily: Ikhaya lezindaba zobuchwepheshe ezinhle kakhulu kusukela ngo-1998. Hlala usesikhathini ngezindaba zobuchwepheshe zakamuva nge-imeyili noma ezinkundleni zokuxhumana. > Ukufundwa kwe-imeyili ngokubhalisa kwamahhala
Abacwaningi eCold Spring Harbor Laboratories bathole ukuthi i-SRSF1, iphrotheni elawula ukuhlangana kwe-RNA, iyanda kuma-pancreas.