Abacwaningi baseChalmers University of Technology baphakamise indlela entsha nephumelelayo yokuvuselela izinsimbi ezivela kumabhethri ezimoto zikagesi. Le ndlela ithola i-aluminium engu-100% kanye ne-lithium engu-98% emabhethri e-EV asetshenzisiwe. Lokhu kunciphisa ukulahleka kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezibalulekile njenge-nickel, i-cobalt kanye ne-manganese. Le nqubo ayidingi amakhemikhali abizayo noma ayingozi ngoba abacwaningi basebenzise i-oxalic acid, i-asidi etholakala nasembusweni wezitshalo.
Kuze kube manje, akekho okwazile ukuthola izimo ezifanele zokuhlukanisa leli nani le-lithium kusetshenziswa i-oxalic acid nokususa yonke i-aluminium. ULeah Rouquette, umfundi we-PhD eMnyangweni WezeKhemistri Nobunjiniyela Bekhemikhali eChalmers University of Technology, uthe njengoba wonke amabhethri equkethe i-aluminium, kufanele sikwazi ukuyisusa ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ezinye izinsimbi.
E-Battery Recycling Laboratory eChalmers University of Technology, uLeah Rouquette kanye nomholi wocwaningo uMartina Petranikova babonise ukuthi le ndlela entsha isebenza kanjani. I-laboratory yayinamabhethri emoto asetshenzisiwe, futhi endaweni yokufutha kwakukhona izinto ezichotshoziwe ngesimo sempuphu emnyama egayiwe kahle encibilikiswe oketshezini olucacile - i-oxalic acid. ULeah Rouquette usebenzisa lokho okufana ne-kitchen blender ukuxuba uketshezi kanye nophuphu. Nakuba kubukeka kulula sengathi wenza ikhofi, le ndlela ethile ihlukile futhi iyintuthuko yesayensi esanda kushicilelwa. Ngokulungisa izinga lokushisa, ukuhlushwa kanye nesikhathi, abacwaningi bathuthukise iresiphi entsha esebenzisa i-oxalic acid, isithako esinobungani nemvelo esitholakala ezitshalweni ezifana ne-rhubarb kanye ne-spinach.
Kudingeka ezinye izindlela zokusebenzisa amakhemikhali anamuhla angamakhemikhali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, enye yezingqinamba ezinkulu ezinqubweni zesimanje ukususwa kwezinto ezisele njenge-aluminium. UMartina Petranikova, uSolwazi Ohlangene eMnyangweni WezeKhemistri Nobunjiniyela Bekhemikhali eChalmers University of Technology, uthe kuyindlela entsha enganikeza ezinye izindlela ezintsha embonini yokuvuselela futhi isize ekuxazululeni izinkinga ezibambezela intuthuko.
Izindlela zokucubungula ezisekelwe kuketshezi zibizwa ngokuthi i-hydrometallurgy. Ku-hydrometallurgy yendabuko, "ukungcola" okuvela ezintweni ezifana ne-aluminium nethusi kuqala kususwa, bese kusetshenziswa izinsimbi ezibalulekile njenge-lithium, i-cobalt, i-nickel ne-manganese. Nakuba kusele inani elincane le-aluminium nethusi, kudingeka izigaba eziningana zokuhlanzwa, futhi isigaba ngasinye senqubo siphumela ekuvuza. Ngendlela entsha, abacwaningi bashintshe ukusika futhi baqala bahlukanisa i-lithium ne-aluminium. Ngale ndlela, banganciphisa imfucuza yezinsimbi eziyigugu ezidingekayo ukwenza amabhethri amasha.
Ngisho nengxenye yesibili yenqubo—ukuhlunga ingxube emnyama—kukhumbuza ukwenziwa kwekhofi. Ngenkathi i-aluminium ne-lithium kungena oketshezini, ezinye izinsimbi zihlala “esitsheni.” Isinyathelo esilandelayo kule nqubo ukuhlukanisa i-aluminium ne-lithium.
“Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zinsimbi zinezakhiwo ezihluke kakhulu, sikholelwa ukuthi ukuzihlukanisa ngeke kube nzima. Indlela yethu entsha ivula indlela entsha ethembisayo yokuvuselela amabhethri esinazo zonke izisusa zokuyihlola kabanzi,” kusho uLeah Rouquette. “Njengoba le ndlela ingasetshenziswa futhi ngezinga elikhulu, sithemba ukuthi izoba usizo embonini eminyakeni ezayo,” kusho uMartina Petranikova.
Iqembu locwaningo likaMartina Petranikova belilokhu lenza ucwaningo oluhamba phambili ngokusetshenziswa kabusha kwensimbi kumabhethri e-lithium-ion iminyaka eminingi. Leli qembu lisebenzisana nezinkampani ezibandakanyeka ekusetshenzisweni kabusha kwamabhethri ezimoto zikagesi futhi lingumlingani kumaphrojekthi amakhulu e-R&D njengeVolvo Cars kanye nephrojekthi ye-Nybat yaseNorthvolt.
Ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nocwaningo: Isihloko sesayensi esithi “Ukululama okuphelele kwe-lithium kusuka kumabhethri ezimoto zikagesi ze-lithium-ion: ukwenza imodeli nokwenza ngcono kusetshenziswa i-oxalic acid njenge-lixiviant” sanyatheliswa kumagazini i-Separation and Purification Technology. Ucwaningo lwenziwe nguLeah Rouquette, uMartina Petranikova noNatalia Vieceli abavela kuMnyango Wekhemistri Nobunjiniyela Bekhemikhali eChalmers University of Technology. Ucwaningo luxhaswe yi-Swedish Energy Agency, i-Swedish Battery Base kanye ne-Vinnova, kanti ukuhlolwa kwenziwa kusetshenziswa amabhethri ezimoto zikagesi ze-Volvo Cars asetshenzisiwe acutshungulwa yi-Stena Recycling kanye ne-Akkuser Oy.
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