Ngomhlaka-3 Meyi 2023, i-EPA yashicilela umthetho ohlongozwayo ku-Federal Register wokuvimbela ukusetshenziswa okuningi kwe-methylene chloride.
Ukuvunyelwa kwe-EPA komthetho ohlongozwayo kunikezwe ngaphansi koMthetho Wokulawula Izinto Ezinobuthi (TSCA), kanti i-dichloromethane iyikhemikhali yesibili enobungozi bayo bulawulwa ngaphansi kwenqubo yokuguqula eyadalwa nguFrank R. Lautenberg. UMthetho Wokuphepha Kwamakhemikhali Wekhulu Lama-21 ka-2016, ngemuva kokuba le nhlangano ilandele isinyathelo sokuvikela abantu ekuvezweni yi-asbestos, wethulwa ngonyaka odlule.
I-Dichloromethane isetshenziswa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwabathengi njengezihlanzi ze-aerosol kanye nezihlanzi zamabhulashi zopende nezimbozo, ukusetshenziswa kwezentengiselwano njengezinto zokunamathisela kanye nezimbozo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezimboni ekukhiqizweni kwamanye amakhemikhali. Isibonelo, i-dichloromethane isetshenziswa njenge-chemical intermediate ekukhiqizweni kwama-hydrofluorocarbons (ama-HFC)32, asetshenziswa eziqandisini ezihlanganisiwe ukuze kuthathelwe indawo izinto ezinekhono eliphezulu lokufudumala komhlaba.
Okungenani abantu abangu-85 bashonile ngenxa yokuchayeka kakhulu e-methylene chloride kusukela ngo-1980, iningi labo lisebenza ezinkontilekeni zokuthuthukisa amakhaya ababeqeqeshwe ngokugcwele futhi behlonyiswe ngemishini yokuzivikela, ngokusho kwe-Environmental Protection Agency.
Ukuhlolwa kwengozi okungenabufakazi kwale nhlangano nge-dichloromethane kwakungenxa yezingozi ezihlobene nabasebenzi, abangochwepheshe abangasebenzisi (izisebenzi eziseduze kodwa ezingachayekile ngqo kumakhemikhali), abathengi, kanye nalabo abaseduze nendawo yomthengi asebenzisa kuyo. I-Environmental Protection Agency ithole izingozi zemiphumela emibi empilweni yabantu, okuhlanganisa ubuthi bemizwa, imiphumela yesibindi nomdlavuza ngenxa yokuphefumula, kanye nokuchayeka kwesikhumba ku-methylene chloride.
Imithetho yokuphathwa kwezingozi ehlongozwayo izonciphisa ngokushesha ukukhiqizwa, ukucutshungulwa kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwe-methylene chloride kuzo zonke izinto ezisetshenziswa ngabathengi kanye nokusetshenziswa okuningi kwezimboni nezentengiselwano, iningi lazo elizosetshenziswa ngokugcwele zingakapheli izinyanga eziyi-15. Ekusetshenzisweni okuningi kwe-methylene chloride i-EPA ehlongoza ukukuvimbela, ukuhlaziywa kwayo kubonise ukuthi kunezinye izindlela zokusebenzisa izindleko nokusebenza kahle esikhundleni semikhiqizo ye-methylene chloride ezitholakalayo.
“Isayensi ngemuva kwe-methylene chloride icacile futhi ukuchayeka kungabangela imiphumela emibi yezempilo ngisho nokufa, okuyinto engokoqobo emindenini eminingi elahlekelwe abathandekayo bayo ngenxa yobuthi obuyingozi,” kusho uMqondisi we-EPA uMichael S. Regan. esitatimendeni sabezindaba se-ejensi. “Yingakho i-EPA ithatha isinyathelo ngokuphakamisa ukuvikela impilo yabasebenzi ngokuletha izilawuli eziqinile zomsebenzi ezizovimbela ukusetshenziswa okuningi kwaleli khemikhali futhi zinciphise ukuchayeka kuzo zonke ezinye. Xhumana. Lokhu kuvinjelwa okuhlongozwayo komlando kubonisa intuthuko ebalulekile esiyenzile ekuqalisweni kwezivikelo ezintsha zokuphepha kwamakhemikhali kanye nokwamukelwa kwezinyathelo ezithathe isikhathi eside zokuvikela kangcono impilo yomphakathi.”
“Ngokuphathelene nokukhiqiza kwezimboni, ukucubungula izimboni, kanye nokusetshenziswa kukahulumeni i-EPA engazange ikuphakamise ukukuvimbela, i-EPA inikeza uhlelo lokuvikela amakhemikhali endaweni yokusebenza olunemikhawulo eqinile yokuchayeka ukuze kuvikelwe kangcono abasebenzi,” kusho isitatimende. “I-EPA ithole imibono yemboni ekhombisa ukuthi ezinye izikhungo kungenzeka ukuthi sezivele zihambisana nemikhawulo eqinile yokuchayeka kwe-methylene chloride. Lezi zidingo eziphakanyisiwe zizovumela ukucutshungulwa okuqhubekayo kwe-methylene chloride ukukhiqiza amakhemikhali abalulekile ekunciphiseni imizamo yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu echazwe ku-US Innovation and Manufacturing Report. Isenzo Sibalulekile. Iziqandisi ezinobungani nesimo sezulu kanye namanye amakhemikhali zidlala indima ebalulekile ekulweni nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, futhi umthetho ophakanyisiwe we-EPA usekela imizamo eqhubekayo yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi.”
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-EPA iphakamisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okuthile kwe-dichloromethane okudingeka yi-NASA, DOD kanye ne-FAA kuyaqhubeka nokulawulwa ngokuqinile endaweni yokusebenza, njengoba ukuchayeka kungancishiswa ngokwanele kulezi zimo ezinzima kakhulu ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi kubasebenzi ngangokunokwenzeka.
“Ukuvinjelwa okuhlongozwayo kanye nemikhawulo kuzovikela umphakathi ekuchayweni yi-methylene chloride,” kusho isitatimende. “I-Environmental Protection Agency, isebenzisa idatha yeminyaka eyisithupha yokuchayeka ekukhishweni kokungcola okunobuthi, ithole inani elincane lezikhungo njengengozi engaba khona emiphakathini ebiyelwe ngocingo. Ukuvinjelwa komthetho ohlongozwayo we-EPA kuzohlanganisa ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwe-methylene chloride kulezi zikhungo eziningi, empeleni okuyingozi engaba khona emphakathini.”
Imibono ngomthetho ohlongozwayo izokwamukelwa nge-Federal Electronic Rulemaking Portal kuze kube nguJulayi 3, 2023, inombolo yokungena i-EPA-HQ-OPPT-2020-0465.
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