Ngomhlaka-3 Meyi 2023, i-EPA yashicilela umthetho ohlongozwayo ku-Federal Register wokuvimbela ukusetshenziswa okuningi kwe-methylene chloride.
, kanti i-dichloromethane iyikhemikhali yesibili enobungozi bayo bulawulwa ngaphansi kwenqubo yokuguqulwa eyadalwa nguFrank R. Lautenberg. Umthetho Wokuphepha Kwamakhemikhali Wekhulu Lama-21 ka-2016. Ngonyaka odlule, le nhlangano yaphakamisa izindlela zokuvikela abantu ekuvezweni yi-asbestos.
I-Dichloromethane isetshenziswa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zabathengi ezifana nezihlanzi ze-aerosol kanye nezihlanzi zamabhulashi zopende nezimbozo, izinhlelo zokusebenza zezentengiselwano ezifana nezinamathiseli kanye nezivalo, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zezimboni zokukhiqiza amanye amakhemikhali. Isibonelo, i-dichloromethane isetshenziswa njenge-chemical intermediate ekukhiqizweni kwama-hydrofluorocarbons (ama-HFC) 32, asetshenziswa eziqandisini ezihlanganisiwe ezenzelwe ukufaka esikhundleni sezinto ezinamandla aphezulu okufudumala komhlaba.
Okungenani iziguli ezingu-85 sezishonile ngenxa yokuchayeka ngokushesha kwi-methylene chloride kusukela ngo-1980, ngokusho kwe-Environmental Protection Agency, iningi lazo kungabasebenzi benkontileka yokuthuthukisa ikhaya, ngisho noma babeqeqeshwe ngokugcwele futhi behlonyiswe ngemishini yokuzivikela yomuntu siqu.
Incazelo yenhlangano yengozi ye-dichloromethane ayifanele futhi isekelwe ezingozini ezihambisana nabasebenzi, abangochwepheshe abangasebenzisi ikhemikhali (izisebenzi eziseduze kodwa ezingachayekile ngqo kumakhemikhali), abathengi kanye nalabo abaseduze nabathengi. I-Environmental Protection Agency ithole ingozi yemiphumela emibi empilweni yabantu evela ekuphefumuleni nasekuchayelweni kwesikhumba yi-methylene chloride, okuhlanganisa ubuthi be-neurological, imiphumela esibindini, kanye nomdlavuza.
Imithetho yokuphathwa kwezingozi ehlongozwayo izonciphisa ngokushesha ukukhiqizwa, ukucutshungulwa kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwe-methylene chloride kuzo zonke izinto ezisetshenziswa ngabathengi kanye nokusetshenziswa okuningi kwezimboni nezentengiselwano, iningi lazo elizogcwaliseka ngokugcwele zingakapheli izinyanga eziyi-15. Ukuhlaziywa kubonise ukuthi ekusetshenzisweni okuningi kwe-methylene chloride i-EPA eyiphakamise ukuthi ivimbele, imikhiqizo ehlukile ngokuvamile iyatholakala ngezindleko kanye nokusebenza okufanayo nemikhiqizo ye-methylene chloride.
“Ubufakazi besayensi be-methylene chloride bucacile, futhi ukuchayeka ku-methylene chloride kungabangela imiphumela emibi yezempilo, ngisho nokufa, kubantu abaningi kakhulu,” kusho isikhulu se-EPA uMichael S. Regan esitatimendeni sezindaba esivela kule nhlangano. “Yingakho i-EPA ithatha isinyathelo sokuncoma ukuvinjelwa kokusetshenziswa okuningi kwaleli khemikhali, kanye nokuvikela impilo yabasebenzi kanye nokunciphisa ukuchayeka kuzo zonke ezinye izimo ngokuletha izilawuli eziqinile zomsebenzi. Lo Mgomo Ohlongozwayo womlando ubonisa intuthuko ebalulekile esiyenzile ekusebenziseni izindlela ezintsha zokuphepha kwamakhemikhali kanye nokuthatha izinyathelo ebezilindelwe isikhathi eside zokuvikela kangcono impilo yomphakathi.”
“Ngokuphathelene nokukhiqiza kwezimboni, ukucubungula izimboni, kanye nokusetshenziswa kukahulumeni okunganconyelwa yi-EPA, i-EPA inikeza uhlelo lokuvikela amakhemikhali endaweni yokusebenza oluhlanganisa imikhawulo eqinile yokuchayeka ukuze kuvikelwe kangcono abasebenzi,” kusho isitatimende. “Ingase ihlangabezane nemikhawulo eqinile yokuchayeka ephakanyisiwe ye-methylene chloride. Lezi zidingo eziphakanyisiwe zizovumela i-methylene chloride ukuthi iqhubeke nokucutshungulwa ukuze ikhiqize amakhemikhali abalulekile ekulweni nokufudumala komhlaba. Ama-refrigerant ahambisana nesimo sezulu kanye namanye amakhemikhali adlala indima ebalulekile ekulweni nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. , futhi umthetho ophakanyisiwe we-EPA usekela eminye imizamo yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi.”
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-EPA incoma ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okuthile kwe-dichloromethane okudingeka yi-NASA, DOD kanye ne-FAA kuqhubeke nokulawulwa ngokuqinile endaweni yokusebenza, njengoba ukuchayeka kungancishiswa kakhulu kulezi zimo ezinzima kakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ingozi kubasebenzi.
“Ukuvinjelwa okuhlongozwayo kanye nemikhawulo kuzovikela umphakathi ekuchayweni yi-methylene chloride,” kusho isitatimende. “Isebenzisa idatha yeminyaka eyisithupha yokuchayeka ekukhishweni kobuthi, i-EPA ibone inani elincane lezikhungo njengengozi engaba khona emiphakathini ebiyelwe ngocingo. Ukuvinjelwa emthethweni ohlongozwayo we-EPA kuzohlanganisa ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwe-methylene chloride ezindaweni eziningi ezinjalo, kuqede ngempumelelo ingozi engaba khona emiphakathini engomakhelwane.”
Imibono ngomthetho ohlongozwayo izokwamukelwa nge-Federal Electronic Rulemaking Portal, inombolo yefayela i-EPA-HQ-OPPT-2020-0465, usuku lokugcina mhla zi-3 kuJulayi 2023.
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