Ngomhlaka-3 Meyi 2023, i-EPA yakhipha umthetho wokuphathwa kwengozi weSigaba 6(a) soMthetho Wokulawula Izinto Ezinobuthi (TSCA) obeka imikhawulo ekukhiqizweni, ekungenisweni, ekucutshungulweni, ekusatshalalisweni, nasekusetshenzisweni kwe-dichloromethane. isinyibilikisi esisetshenzisiwe ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zabathengi nezentengiselwano. Lona umthetho wokuqala ohlongozwayo we-EPA wokuphathwa kwengozi selokhu yashicilela incazelo yengozi ebuyekeziwe ngonyaka odlule ngokusekelwe "endleleni yayo entsha yamakhemikhali" kanye nenqubomgomo edinga abasebenzi ukuthi bangagqoki imishini yokuzivikela yomuntu siqu (i-PPE). Kuphinde kubonise ukwanda okukhulu kwemithethonqubo evimbelayo esebenza kumakhemikhali asevele engaphansi kwemikhawulo yokuphathwa kwengozi ye-TSCA, yize leyo mikhawulo yayinomkhawulo kakhulu ngaphansi kohlaka lwesenzo sokuphathwa kwengozi lwe-EPA lwangaphambilini.
I-EPA iphakamisa ukuvimbela ukukhiqizwa, ukucutshungulwa kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwe-dichloromethane kwezohwebo ukuze isetshenziswe ekhaya; ukuvimbela ukusetshenziswa okuningi kwe-dichloromethane ezimbonini kanye nezentengiselwano; idinga ukuthi uhlelo lokuvikela indawo yokusebenza yamakhemikhali (WCPP) luhlale lusebenza futhi lunikeze ukukhululwa kwesikhathi esithile okubalulekile ngokuhambisana nesigaba 6(g) se-TSCA sokusetshenziswa kwe-methylene chloride okungase kubangele umonakalo omkhulu ekuphepheni kwezwe kanye nengqalasizinda ebalulekile. Ababambiqhaza banesikhathi kuze kube nguJulayi 3, 2023 sokuphawula ngomthetho ohlongozwayo.
Ekuphakamiseni izinyathelo zokuphathwa kwezingozi ze-dichloromethane, i-EPA ithole ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okuphindaphindiwe kwalesi sidakamizwa ezicelweni zabathengi, zezentengiselwano, kanye nezezimboni kudinga isinyathelo sokulawula, ikakhulukazi ukuvinjelwa, njengoba kuboniswe kuThebula 3 lomthetho ohlongozwayo. Eziningi zalezi zimo zokusebenzisa zifaka, kodwa azigcini lapho, ukusetshenziswa kwe-methylene chloride kwezimboni kanye nezentengiselwano ekuhlanzeni izinyibilikisi, upende kanye nokumbozwa (kanye nokuwasha), ukususa amafutha ngomusi, izinti zokunamathisela, izinti zokunamathisela, izinti zokunamathisela, izinti zokunamathisela, izindwangu nezindwangu, kanye nemikhiqizo yokunakekelwa kwezimoto. , amafutha okugcoba kanye nezinto zokuthambisa, ukufudumala kwamapayipi, ukubhoboza uwoyela negesi, amathoyizi, imishini yokudlala nezemidlalo, kanye nemikhiqizo yepulasitiki neyerabha. I-EPA iphinde yanquma ukuthi konke ukusetshenziswa kwabathengi okuhlolwe kwe-dichloromethane kudingeka kuvinjelwe.
I-EPA ithi izidingo zesiphakamiso ziyakwenqabela ukusetshenziswa okubalwa cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zomkhiqizo waminyaka yonke (i-TSCA kanye nokusetshenziswa okungeyona i-TSCA) kwe-methylene chloride ekhiqizwayo, “okushiya amasheya anele ajikelezayo ukuhlinzeka ngomthombo i-EPA ehlongoza ukuwuvumela.” ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo Lokhu kusetshenziswa okubalulekile noma okuyinhloko kwenziwa nge-Critical Use Exemption noma i-WCPP.
Uma i-EPA ithola ukuthi into ethile inobungozi obungadingekile bokulimaza impilo yabantu noma imvelo ekuhlolweni kwayo kwengozi, kumele iphakamise izidingo zokuphathwa kwengozi ngezinga elidingekayo ukuze into ingabi nalezo zingozi. Lapho ibeka imikhawulo yokuphathwa kwengozi kumakhemikhali, i-EPA kufanele icabangele imiphumela yezomnotho yalo mthetho, okuhlanganisa izindleko nezinzuzo, ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko, kanye nomthelela womthetho emnothweni, amabhizinisi amancane, kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe. Kukhona ezinye izindlela ezisebenzayo kwezobuchwepheshe nakwezomnotho.
I-EPA iphakamisa ukuvinjelwa okulandelayo kokusetshenziswa kwe-methylene chloride kanye nezinsuku zokuqala ukusebenza kwayo:
I-EPA iphinde yethula izimfuneko zezaziso kanye nokugcinwa kwamarekhodi ezinkampanini ezihlinzeka nge-methylene chloride kumakhasimende.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-dichloromethane ukususa upende kanye nezingubo zokusetshenziswa ngabathengi akufakiwe kulokhu kuvinjelwa, njengoba lokhu kusetshenziswa sekuvele kuhlanganiswe nomthetho wamanje wokuphathwa kwezingozi we-EPA owakhishwa ngo-2019, obhalwe ku-40 CFR § 751.101.
Isigaba 6(g) se-TSCA sivumela i-EPA ukuthi ikhulule ezinye izindlela ezidingekayo zomthetho wokuphathwa kwezingozi zokusetshenziswa okubucayi noma okubalulekile i-EPA ebona kutholakala. Siphinde sivumele ukuyekiswa uma i-EPA inquma ukuthi ukuhambisana nale mfuneko kuzodala umonakalo omkhulu emnothweni wezwe, ekuphepheni kwezwe, noma engqalasizinda ebalulekile. I-US Environmental Protection Agency incoma ukuyekiswa kokusetshenziswa okubucayi kwe-methylene chloride ezimweni ezilandelayo:
I-WCPP ehlongozwayo ye-EPA yokusetshenziswa okuvunyelwe kwe-dichloromethane ihlanganisa izidingo eziphelele zokuvikela abasebenzi ekuvezweni, okuhlanganisa ukuvikelwa kokuphefumula, ukusetshenziswa kwe-PPE, ukuqapha ukuchayeka, ukuqeqeshwa, kanye nezindawo ezilawulwayo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-EPA iphakamise umkhawulo wokuchayeka kwamakhemikhali okhona (i-ECEL) wamazinga e-methylene chloride emoyeni angaphezu kwezingxenye ezi-2 ngesigidi (ppm) ngokusekelwe esilinganisweni esilinganiselwe samahora ayi-8 (i-TWA), esiphansi kakhulu kunomkhawulo wokuchayeka ovumelekile we-OSHA wamanje (i-PEL) we-dichloromethane ongu-25 ppm. Izinga lesenzo elihlongozwayo lizoba yingxenye yenani le-ECEL, elizoqala imisebenzi eyengeziwe yokuqapha ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzi abavezwanga amazinga angaphezu kwe-ECEL. I-EPA iphinde income ukusetha umkhawulo wokuchayeka wesikhathi esifushane (i-EPA STEL) ongu-16 ppm esikhathini sokuthatha isampula semizuzu eyi-15.
Esikhundleni sokuvinjelwa, i-EPA iphakamisa izidingo zokuvikela abasebenzi ngaphansi kwezimo ezilandelayo zokusebenzisa:
Ukucubungula: Njenge-reagent. Qaphela ukuthi i-EPA ivumela lokhu kusetshenziswa ukuthi kuqhubeke ngaphansi kwe-WCPP ngoba ibheka ukuthi inani elikhulu le-dichloromethane liyasetshenziswa kabusha kulokhu kusetshenziswa, cishe konke okusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-HFC-32. I-HFC-32 ingenye yezinto ezilawulwayo ngaphansi koMthetho Wokusungula Nokukhiqiza WaseMelika (uMthetho we-AIM) ka-2020. I-EPA ilindele ukuthi ngokugunyaza i-HFC-32, lokhu kumiswa kwemithetho ngeke kuvimbele imizamo yokuthuthela kumakhemikhali angaba khona okunciphisa ukufudumala komhlaba.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni noma kwezentengiselwano ukususa upende kanye nopende ezindizeni ezibucayi ekuphepheni, ezizwela ukugqwala kanye nezingxenye zezindiza zasemkhathini eziphethwe noma eziqhutshwa yi-US Department of Defense, i-NASA, i-Homeland Security, kanye ne-Federal Aviation Administration, i-ejensi, noma i-ejensi esebenza ngosonkontileka ezindaweni, ezilawulwa yi-ejensi noma usonkontileka we-ejensi
Ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni noma kwezentengiselwano njengesinamathelisi se-acrylic ne-polycarbonate ezimotweni zempi nasemkhathini ezibalulekile, okuhlanganisa nokukhiqizwa kwamabhethri akhethekile noma osonkontileka be-ejensi.
Ababambiqhaza abenza, bacubungula, basabalalisa, noma abasebenzisa i-methylene chloride nganoma iyiphi indawo yokusetshenziswa ehlolwa yi-EPA bangaba nentshisekelo yokuphawula ngezici eziningi zalo mthetho ohlongozwayo wokubeka isibonelo. Amaqembu anentshisekelo angacabangela ukufaka isandla ku-EPA kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo:
Ukuhlola Indlela Yokuphathwa Kwengozi Emibandeleni Yokusebenzisa: Ababambiqhaza bangase bafise ukuhlola ukuthi izidingo zokuphathwa kwengozi eziphakanyisiwe zesimo ngasinye sokusetshenziswa ziyahambisana yini nokuhlolwa kwengozi ye-methylene chloride ye-EPA yesimo ngasinye sokusetshenziswa kanye ne-EPA. ™ Amandla asemthethweni ngaphansi kweSigaba 6 se-TSCA. Isibonelo, uma i-EPA ithola ukuthi ukuchayeka esikhumbeni ku-methylene chloride ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zokusetshenziswa kudala ingozi engafanele, futhi uma i-EPA idinga okungaphezu kokuvikelwa kwesikhumba ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi, ababambiqhaza bangase bafise ukuhlola ukufaneleka kwalezo zidingo ezengeziwe.
Izindleko: I-EPA ilinganisela izindleko ezengeziwe zokungavalwa ezihambisana nalo mthetho ohlongozwayo ku-$13.2 million eminyakeni engama-20 ngesilinganiso sesaphulelo esingu-3% kanye no-$14.5 million eminyakeni engama-20 ngesilinganiso sesaphulelo esingu-7%. Ababambiqhaza bangase bafise ukuhlola ukuthi lezi zindleko ezihlongozwayo zimboza zonke izici zokusebenzisa umthetho ohlongozwayo, okuhlanganisa izindleko zokuphinda kuqalwe (ukuvinjelwa kokusetshenziswa) noma ukuhambisana nemibandela ye-WCPP ukuvumela ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo, okuhlanganisa ukuhambisana ne-ECEL 2 ppm.
Izidingo ze-WCPP: Ngemibandela yokusetshenziswa i-EPA ephakamisa ukuyivimba, ababambiqhaza bangahlola ukuthi banedatha esekela ukuhambisana ne-WCPP ezonciphisa ngokwanele ukuvezwa kunokuvinjelwa (ikakhulukazi ngemibandela yokusetshenziswa lapho i-EPA iphakamisa khona i-WCPP njengendlela ehlukile eyinhloko, ephakanyisiwe emthethweni ophakanyisiwe Ezinye izindlela zokuvimbela ku- Ababambiqhaza bangafisa futhi ukuhlola ukuthi kungenzeka yini izidingo ze-WCPP futhi bacabangele ukuhambisana nezindinganiso ze-OSHA ze-methylene chloride.
Isikhathi Esibekiwe: Ababambiqhaza bangacabangela ukuthi uhlelo lokuvinjelwa oluhlongozwayo lungenzeka yini nokuthi ezinye izindlela zokusebenzisa ziyafaneleka yini ukucatshangelwa ukuze kukhululwe ukusetshenziswa okubucayi okulinganiselwe isikhathi ngokuhambisana nemigomo esemthethweni yokukhululwa kokusetshenziswa okubucayi.
Ezinye Izindlela: Ababambiqhaza bangaphawula ngokuhlolwa kwe-EPA kwezinye izindlela ezingasetshenziswa esikhundleni se-methylene chloride futhi babone ukuthi zikhona yini ezinye izindlela ezingabizi neziphephile zokushintsha ukusetshenziswa okuvinjelwe okuhlongozwayo ngaphansi komthetho.
Amazinga Aphansi: I-EPA icele ukuphawula ngokuqondile ngenani lezikhungo ezingase zingasebenzi kanye nezindleko ezihambisanayo, futhi ivimbela ukusetshenziswa kwe-dichloromethane ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zokusetshenziswa kwezimboni nezentengiselwano ezichazwe emthethweni ohlongozwayo. I-EPA ingathanda futhi ukuphawula ngokuthi amazinga aphansi e-methylene chloride (isb. 0.1% noma 0.5%) ekwakhiweni okuthile kokusetshenziswa kwezimboni nezentengiselwano okusimeme kufanele acatshangelwe lapho kuqedwa ukuvinjelwa, futhi uma kunjalo, yimaphi amazinga okufanele abhekwe njengobuncane obungenalutho.
Isitifiketi Nokuqeqeshwa: Esiphakamisweni sayo, i-EPA ichaze ukuthi iphinde yacabangela izinga lapho isitifiketi kanye nezinhlelo zokufinyelela ezinqunyelwe zivimbela ukusetshenziswa kwe-methylene chloride kubasebenzisi abaqeqeshwe nabanamalayisense ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzi bezitshalo abathile kuphela abangathenga futhi basebenzise i-dichloromethane. Ababambiqhaza bangase bafise ukuphawula ngokuthi izinhlelo zesitifiketi kanye nokuqeqeshwa zingasebenza kahle yini ekunciphiseni ukuvezwa kwabasebenzi njengendlela yokulawula ubungozi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zokusetshenziswa, kufaka phakathi izimo zokusetshenziswa i-EPA ephakamisa ukuzivimba.
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