I-US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) iphakamisa ukuvimbela ukusetshenziswa okuningi kwe-dichloromethane (i-methylene chloride) ngaphansi koMthetho Wokulawula Izinto Ezinobuthi (TSCA), olawula inqubomgomo yamakhemikhali yase-US. I-Dichloromethane iyisinyibilikisi selabhoratri esisetshenziswa kabanzi emikhiqizweni efana nezinamathiselo, izivalo, izihlanzi kanye nezithinti zopende. Yinto yesibili elawulwa ngaphansi kwenqubo ye-Tsca eguquliwe, eyadalwa ngo-2016, ngemuva kwe-asbestos ngonyaka odlule.
Isiphakamiso se-EPA sifuna ukuvinjelwa kokukhiqizwa, ukucutshungulwa kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwe-dichloromethane kuzo zonke izinto ezisetshenziswa ngabathengi, ukuvinjelwa kokusetshenziswa okuningi kwezimboni nezentengiselwano, kanye nokulawulwa okuqinile kwendawo yokusebenza kwezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-methylene chloride elabhorethri kuzolawulwa uhlelo futhi kuzolawulwa uhlelo lokuvikela amakhemikhali endaweni yokusebenza, hhayi ukuvinjelwa. Lolu hlelo lukhawulela ukuchayeka emsebenzini ngokwesilinganiso sezingxenye ezimbili ngesigidi (ppm) amahora angu-8 kanye ne-16 ppm imizuzu engu-15.
Isiphakamiso Esisha se-EPA Sizobeka Imikhawulo Emisha Emazingeni Okuvezwa yi-Dichloromethane Emalabhorethri
I-Environmental Protection Agency ithole ingozi yemiphumela emibi empilweni yabantu evela ekuphefumuleni nasekuchayekeni kwesikhumba ku-methylene chloride, okuhlanganisa ubuthi bemizwa kanye nemiphumela esibindini. Le nhlangano iphinde yathola ukuthi ukuphefumula isikhathi eside kanye nokuchayeka esikhumbeni kule nto kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza.
Ememezela isiphakamiso senhlangano ngo-Ephreli 20, uMphathi we-EPA uMichael Regan uthe: “Isayensi ngemuva kwe-methylene chloride icacile futhi imiphumela yayo ingabangela imiphumela emibi empilweni ngisho nokufa. Abantu abaningi kakhulu balahlekelwe abathandekayo babo ngenxa yobuthi obuyingozi.” umndeni”.
Kusukela ngo-1980, okungenani abantu abangu-85 bashonile ngenxa yokuchayeka ngokushesha kwi-methylene chloride, ngokusho kwe-EPA. Iningi labo lalingabakhi bezindlu, abanye babo beqeqeshwe ngokugcwele futhi begqoke imishini yokuzivikela. Le nhlangano yaphawula ukuthi abantu abaningi “babhekene nemiphumela emibi yezempilo yesikhathi eside, okuhlanganisa nezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza.”
Ngesikhathi sokubusa kuka-Obama, i-Environmental Protection Agency yanquma ukuthi iziqeshana zokupenda ezisekelwe ku-methylene chloride zaziyi "ingozi engafanele yokulimala empilweni." Ngo-2019, le nhlangano yavimbela ukuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo enjalo kubathengi, kodwa yamangalelwa ngabameli bezempilo yomphakathi abaphikisana ngokuthi imithetho ayihambanga kahle nokuthi kwakufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo eziqinile ngokushesha.
I-EPA ilindele ukuthi izinguquko zayo ezintsha ezihlongozwayo zisetshenziswe ngokugcwele zingakapheli izinyanga ezingu-15 futhi zifinyelele ekuvinjelweni ngamaphesenti angu-52 ekukhiqizweni okulinganiselwa konyaka kokusetshenziswa kwe-TSCA. Le nhlangano ithe ekusetshenzisweni okuningi kwe-dichloromethane iphakamisa ukuvimbela, imikhiqizo ehlukile ivame ukutholakala ngentengo efanayo.
Kodwa i-American Chemical Council (ACC), emele izinkampani zamakhemikhali zase-US, yaphikisana ngokushesha ne-EPA, yathi i-methylene chloride “iyinhlanganisela ebalulekile” esetshenziselwa ukwenza imikhiqizo eminingi yabathengi.
Ephendula isitatimende se-EPA, iqembu lemboni liveze ukukhathazeka ngokuthi lokhu "kuzoletha ukungaqiniseki nokudideka kwemithetho" emikhawulweni yokuchayeka ye-methylene chloride ye-US Occupational Safety and Health Administration yamanje. I-ACC igcizelela ukuthi i-EPA "ayikakanqumi ukuthi kuyadingeka" ukubeka eminye imikhawulo yokuchayeka emsebenzini kuleyo esevele imisiwe.
I-lobby iphinde yasola i-EPA ngokwehluleka ukuhlola ngokugcwele umthelela weziphakamiso zayo ochungechungeni lokuhlinzeka. “Ubukhulu bokuncishiswa okusheshayo kokukhiqiza kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ochungechungeni lokuhlinzeka uma abakhiqizi benezibopho zenkontileka okumele bazilandele, noma uma abakhiqizi benquma ukuyeka ngokuphelele ukukhiqiza,” kuxwayisa i-ACC.
I-EPA ithuthukisa ukuvinjelwa kwemikhiqizo yabathengi okulindelwe isikhathi eside kodwa ivumela ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwezohwebo
Ukubuyekezwa okulindelwe isikhathi eside koMthetho Wokulawula Izinto Ezinobuthi, olawula ukulawulwa kwamakhemikhali e-United States, sekuqalile ukusebenza.
Umbiko weNdlu Yezinduna zase-UK ukhombisa ukuthi uhulumeni udinga ukudlala indima ekhuthele ekubhekaneni nezinkinga ezithinta isayensi.
Uphenyo lweCassini lwe-NASA luthole uthuli neqhwa emhlabeni wonke okuneminyaka eyizigidi ezimbalwa ubudala
© Royal Society of Chemistry document.write(new Date().getFullYear()); Inombolo yokubhalisa yenhlangano yokusiza umphakathi: 207890