I-Formic acid, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-methane acid noma i-carboxylic acid, iwuketshezi olubolayo olungenambala olunezici ze-foam. Ivela ngokwemvelo ezinambuzaneni nakwezinye izitshalo. I-Formic acid inephunga elimnandi nelingena ngaphakathi ekamelweni lokushisa. I-HCOOH ifomula yamakhemikhali ye-formic acid. Ikhiqizwa ngamakhemikhali ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, njenge-hydrogenation ye-carbon dioxide kanye ne-oxidation ye-biomass. Futhi ingumkhiqizo ophuma ekukhiqizweni kwe-acetic acid. I-Formic acid iyancibilika emanzini, utshwala nakwamanye ama-hydrocarbon afana ne-acetone ne-ether. Ngenxa yesidingo esikhulu sama-acid ezisetshenziswayo ezahlukahlukene njengezilondolozi, ukudla kwezilwane, ezolimo kanye nesikhumba, imakethe ye-formic acid kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule kakhulu ngesikhathi sokubikezela.
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Ngokusekelwe ekugxilweni, imakethe ye-formic acid ingahlukaniswa ibe ngu-85%, 90%, 94% kanye no-95% nangaphezulu. Ngo-2016, le ngxenye yemakethe engu-85% yaba yisabelo semakethe esiyinhloko. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zokusebenza. Ngokwemali engenayo kanye nomthamo wokuthengisa, imakethe yaba ngu-85% wesabelo semakethe ngo-2016. Isidingo esikhulu semakethe se-formic acid engu-85% singabangelwa ukugxilwa okuphansi. Ngakho-ke, ayinabungozi emvelweni nasekuphileni kwabantu. Ukugxilwa kwe-formic acid engu-85% kubhekwa njengokugxilwa okujwayelekile kwezinhlelo ezahlukene zokusebenza. Amanye amazinga angenziwa ngokwezifiso ngokuya ngesicelo.
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Ngokusho kwezicelo noma abasebenzisi bokugcina, imakethe ye-formic acid ingahlukaniswa ngesikhumba, ezolimo, irabha, imithi, amakhemikhali, njll. Ngo-2016, umkhakha wezolimo wabamba isabelo esibalulekile emakethe ye-formic acid. Kulandelwa amasimu erabha nesikhumba. Ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwe-formic acid njenge-ejenti yokulwa namagciwane ekudleni kwezilwane kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezithako zokugcina i-silage kwezolimo kulindeleke ukuthi kwandise imakethe ye-formic acid eminyakeni embalwa ezayo. Ukwanda kwesidingo somhlaba wonke senyama kukhuthaze ukusetshenziswa kwe-formic acid. Izinkampani zokukhiqiza, izinhlangano kanye nabakhiqizi bemikhiqizo yokugcina batshala imali eningi ekuthuthukisweni nasekuguqulweni kobuchwepheshe kwe-formic acid ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezikhulayo zezimboni ezahlukahlukene zabasebenzisi bokugcina. Lokhu kulindeleke ukuthi kuqhube imakethe ngesikhathi sokubikezela.
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Ngokuphathelene nezifunda, imakethe ye-formic acid ingahlukaniswa ibe yiNyakatho Melika, iYurophu, i-Asia Pacific, iLatin America, kanye neMpumalanga Ephakathi kanye ne-Afrika. Isifunda sase-Asia-Pacific sabusa imakethe ye-formic acid ngo-2016. IShayina ingumkhiqizi ohamba phambili emhlabeni kanye nomthengi we-formic acid. Izimboni zezindwangu nerabha zingabathengi abakhulu be-formic acid esifundeni sase-Asia-Pacific. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni okusheshayo kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa ezitholakala kalula yizona zizathu eziyinhloko ezenza isifunda sase-Asia-Pacific sibe nesabelo esikhulu semakethe. Kukhona nemithetho embalwa kakhulu esifundeni. Lokhu kuvumela imakethe ye-formic acid ukuthi ithuthuke ngokushesha. INyakatho Melika nayo yathatha isabelo esikhulu semakethe ye-formic acid ngo-2016. IYurophu iseduze kakhulu. Kunenani elikhulu labakhiqizi esifundeni, njenge-BASF SE kanye ne-Perstorp AB. Ngo-2016, iLatin America kanye neMpumalanga Ephakathi kanye ne-Afrika babe nesabelo esincane semakethe ye-formic acid; nokho, ngesikhathi sokubikezela, isidingo se-formic acid kulezi zifunda kulindeleke ukuthi sikhule ngesivinini sokukhula konyaka esihlanganisiwe ngokushesha. Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhumba kanye nesikhumba esishukiwe kuyingxenye ebalulekile yemakethe ye-formic acid eMpumalanga Ephakathi nase-Afrika.
Abakhiqizi abakhulu abasebenza emakethe ye-formic acid yi-BASF SE, i-Gujrat Narmada Valley Fertilizer and Chemical Co., Ltd., i-Perstorp AB kanye ne-Taminco Corporation.
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Lo mbiko unikeza ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwemakethe. Kufezwa ngokuqonda okujulile kwekhwalithi, idatha yomlando, kanye nokubikezela kosayizi wemakethe okungaqinisekiswa. Ukubikezela okubikiwe kusekelwe ezindleleni zocwaningo ezithembekile kanye nokuqagela. Ngale ndlela, umbiko wocwaningo ungasetshenziswa njengendawo yokugcina ukuhlaziywa nolwazi kuzo zonke izici zemakethe, okuhlanganisa kodwa kungagcini lapho: izimakethe zesifunda, ubuchwepheshe, izinhlobo kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza.