I-Formic acid ingenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu zokusetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwemicu ye-polyester. Ekukhiqizweni kwemicu ye-polyester, i-formic acid ingasetshenziswa njenge-catalyst noma i-regulator ukusiza ukulawula izinga lokusabela kwe-polymerisation kanye nezakhiwo zomkhiqizo. Ingakhuthaza ukusabela kwe-esterification futhi ithuthukise ikhwalithi kanye nokukhiqiza kwemicu ye-polyester. Isibonelo, ekukhiqizweni kwemicu ye-polyester, i-formic acid ingasabela ne-terephthalic acid kanye ne-ethylene glycol ukukhiqiza i-polyethylene terephthalate (PET), okuyi-polyester fiber enamandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokuklwebheka kanye nokugcinwa okuhle kwesimo, futhi esetshenziswa kabanzi ezingutsheni, ezindwangu zasekhaya nasezindwangu zezimboni.
2. Ukucubungula isikhumba
Embonini yesikhumba, i-formic acid iyindlela evame ukusetshenziswa yokuthambisa isikhumba. Ingaxhuma ne-collagen esikhumbeni ukuze isikhumba sibe nokuguquguquka okungcono, ukumelana namanzi nokuqina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-formic acid ingasetshenziswa ekuthambiseni isikhumba, ekuthambiseni nasekudayini. Enqubweni yokuthambisa isikhumba, i-formic acid ingakwazi ukuqeda izinto ze-alkaline ebusweni besikhumba, yenze ubuso besikhumba bungabi buthambile, futhi idale izimo ezinhle zezinyathelo ezilandelayo zokucubungula. Enqubweni yokuthambisa, i-formic acid ingangena ngaphakathi kwesikhumba, yenze i-fibre yesikhumba ikhululeke, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuthamba kwesikhumba.
3. Ukwelashwa kobuso bensimbi
I-formic acid nayo inezinzuzo ezibalulekile emkhakheni wokwelashwa kobuso bensimbi. Ingasetshenziswa njengesihlanzi se-asidi sokususa isikhumba esifakwe i-oxidised, ukugqwala kanye nokungcola ebusweni bensimbi. Isibonelo, ekuphathweni kobuso bensimbi, isixazululo se-formic acid singasabela ngamakhemikhali nokugqwala (ingxenye eyinhloko yayo yi-ferric oxide) ebusweni bensimbi ukuze kukhiqizwe ama-ion ensimbi ancibilikayo kanye ne-carbon dioxide, ngaleyo ndlela kususwe ukugqwala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-formic acid ingasetshenziswa futhi ekudluliseni izinsimbi. Ngokwakha ifilimu ye-oxide eningi ebusweni bensimbi, i-formic acid ingavimbela ukugqwala okwengeziwe kwensimbi.
Okwesibili, izicelo zezolimo
1. Izithasiselo zokudla
Ekufuyweni kwezilwane, i-formic acid ivame ukusetshenziswa njengesithasiselo sokudla. Inganciphisa inani le-pH lokudla, ivimbele ukukhula kwamagciwane ayingozi ekudleni, futhi yandise impilo yokudla. Isibonelo, ukwengeza i-formic acid ekudleni kwezilwane ezelusayo (isib. izinkomo nezimvu) kungathuthukisa ukunambitheka kokudla futhi kwandise ukudla okudliwayo kanye nokugayeka kokudla kwezilwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-formic acid ingalawula futhi ibhalansi ye-acid-base yendlela yamathumbu ezilwane, ikhuthaze ukukhula kwamagciwane awusizo futhi ivimbele ukukhiqizwa kwamagciwane ayingozi, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe impilo nokusebenza kokukhiqiza kwezilwane.
2. Izithako zokubulala izinambuzane
I-formic acid ingasetshenziswa futhi njengezinto ezihlanganisa izibulala-zinambuzane ukuze kuhlanganiswe izinhlobo ezahlukene zezibulala-zinambuzane. Isibonelo, ezinye izibulala-zinambuzane ze-organophosphorus zidinga ukusetshenziswa kwe-formic acid njengezinto zokusetshenziswa enqubweni yokwenziwa. Lezi zibulala-zinambuzane zinemiphumela ephumelelayo yokubulala izinambuzane, ukubulala amagciwane kanye nokubulala ukhula, ezingavikela ngempumelelo izitshalo ezilonakalweni nasezifweni futhi zithuthukise isivuno kanye nekhwalithi yesivuno.
Okwesithathu, insimu yezokwelapha nokudla
1. Izidakamizwa ezisebenzisana nemithi
Embonini yezemithi, i-formic acid ingasetshenziswa ukuhlanganisa imithi eyahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, ukuhlanganiswa kwama-antibiotic athile, amavithamini nama-hormone kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwe-formic acid njengento eluhlaza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-formic acid ingasetshenziswa enkambisweni yokucwenga nokuhlanza imithi. Ingasetshenziswa njengesithako noma isithako sokupholisa ukusiza ukususa ukungcola emithini nokuthuthukisa ubumsulwa bayo kanye nekhwalithi yayo.
2. Izithasiselo zokudla
Embonini yokudla, i-formic acid ingasetshenziswa njengesivikelo kanye nesithako esiqinisa i-acid. Ingavimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane ekudleni futhi yandise impilo yokudla eshalofini. Isibonelo, ukwengeza inani elifanele le-formic acid ekudleni okufana neziphuzo, amasoso kanye nama-jam kungavimbela ukudla ukuthi kungonakali futhi kungonakali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-formic acid inganikeza ukudla ubumuncu obuthile futhi ithuthukise ukunambitheka nokunambitheka kokudla.
IV. Ezinye Izicelo
1. Ukwenziwa kwezinto eziphilayo
I-Formic acid iyinto ebalulekile yokwenziwa kwezinto eziphilayo. Ingasetshenziswa ukuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamakhemikhali e-organic, njenge-esters, i-amides kanye ne-nitriles. Isibonelo, ngokusebenzisa ukusabela kwe-esterification, i-formic acid ingasabela namakhemikhali otshwala ukuze ikhiqize amakhemikhali e-ester, lawa makhemikhali e-ester asetshenziswa kabanzi ezinongo, ezimbozweni nasepulasitikini nakwezinye izinkambu.
2. I-electrolyte yebhethri
I-formic acid ingasetshenziswa futhi njengengxenye yama-electrolyte ebhethri. Kwamanye amaseli kaphethiloli namabhethri e-lithium-ion, i-formic acid ingasetshenziswa njengomnikeli we-proton ukuze ihlanganyele ekuphenduleni kwe-electrochemical futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwebhethri.
Ekuphetheni, njengekhemikhali esebenza ngemisebenzi eminingi, i-formic acid inezinhlobo eziningi zezicelo emikhakheni eminingi. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwezicelo ezintsha, isidingo semakethe se-formic acid kulindeleke ukuthi sikhule kakhulu.