URayna Singhvi Jain une-allergy ezinyosini. Ubuhlungu obukhulu emlenzeni wakhe bamvimbela ukuthi asebenze amasonto amaningana.
Kodwa lokho akuzange kumvimbe usomabhizinisi wezenhlalo oneminyaka engu-20 ubudala emsebenzini wakhe wokusindisa lezi zinambuzane ezibalulekile, ezinazo izakhamuzi ezincipha amashumi eminyaka.
Cishe amaphesenti angama-75 ezilimo zomhlaba ancike, okungenani ngokwengxenye, ezithutheni zempova njengezinyosi. Ukuwa kwazo kungaba nomthelela omkhulu kuyo yonke indawo yethu. “Silapha namuhla ngenxa yezinyosi,” kusho uJane. “Ziyinsika yesimiso sethu sezolimo, izitshalo zethu. Ngenxa yazo sinokudla.”
UJane, indodakazi yabokufika baseNdiya abahlala eConnecticut, uthi abazali bakhe bamfundisa ukwazisa impilo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi incane kangakanani. Uthe uma kukhona intuthwane endlini, bazoyitshela ukuthi iyikhiphele ngaphandle ukuze iphile.
Ngakho-ke lapho uJane evakashela indawo yokunakekela izinyo ngo-2018 futhi ebona inqwaba yezinyosi ezifile, wayenogqozi lokuthola ukuthi kwenzekani. Lokho akuthola kwammangaza.
"Ukuncipha kwezinyosi kuwumphumela wezici ezintathu: izimuncagazi, izibulala-zinambuzane kanye nokudla okungenamsoco," kusho uSamuel Ramsey, uprofesa wesayensi yezinambuzane e-Institute of Biological Frontiers e-University of Colorado Boulder.
Kuma-P amathathu, okubangela kakhulu yizinambuzane, kusho uRamsey, ikakhulukazi uhlobo lwezinambuzane ezibizwa ngokuthi iVarroa. Kwaqala ukutholwa e-United States ngo-1987 futhi manje kungatholakala cishe kuzo zonke izidleke zezilwane kulo lonke izwe.
URamsey ocwaningweni lwakhe waphawula ukuthi izibungu zidla isibindi sezinyosi, okwenza zibe sengozini enkulu kwezinye izibungu, okubeka engcupheni amasosha omzimba azo kanye nekhono lokugcina izakhamzimba. Lezi zibungu zingasakaza namagciwane abulalayo, ziphazamise ukundiza, futhi ekugcineni zibangele ukufa kwamakoloni wonke.
Ephefumulelwe uthisha wakhe wesayensi esikoleni samabanga aphezulu, uJain waqala ukufuna izixazululo zokuqeda ukutheleleka kwe-varroa mite ngonyaka wakhe wesibili. Ngemva kokuzama amaphutha amaningi, waqhamuka ne-HiveGuard, i-notch ephrintiwe nge-3D embozwe ngesibulala-zinambuzane esingenabo ubuthi esibizwa nge-thymol.
“Lapho inyosi idlula emnyango, i-thymol ihlikihlwa emzimbeni wenyosi bese ukuhlushwa kokugcina kubulala i-varroa mite kodwa kushiye inyosi ingalimalanga,” kusho uJane.
Abafuyi bezinyosi ababalelwa ku-2,000 bebelokhu behlola le divayisi kusukela ngoMashi 2021, kanti uJane uhlela ukuyikhipha ngokusemthethweni kamuva kulo nyaka. Idatha ayiqoqile kuze kube manje ikhombisa ukwehla okungu-70% kokutheleleka kwe-varroa mite emavikini amathathu ngemuva kokufakwa ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi ebikiwe.
I-Thymol kanye nezinye izidakamizwa zemvelo ezifana ne-oxalic acid, i-formic acid, kanye nama-hops kufakwa ngaphakathi kwendlu yezidleke ngama-strips noma ama-tray ngesikhathi sokucubungula okuqhubekayo. Kukhona futhi izinto ezisizayo zokwenziwa, ezivame ukusebenza kahle kodwa ezilimaza kakhulu imvelo, kusho uRamsey. Ubonga uJane ngobuhlakani bakhe ekudaleni ithuluzi elikhulisa umthelela ezibungwini ngenkathi livikela izinyosi kanye nemvelo emiphumeleni emibi.
Izinyosi zoju ziphakathi kwezinambuzane ezisebenza kahle kakhulu emhlabeni. Igalelo lazo liyadingeka ezinhlotsheni ezingaphezu kuka-130 zezithelo, imifino namantongomane, okuhlanganisa ama-alimondi, ama-cranberry, i-zucchini kanye nama-avokhado. Ngakho-ke ngesikhathi esizayo uma uluma i-apula noma uphuza ikhofi, konke lokhu kungenxa yezinyosi, kusho uJane.
Ingxenye yesithathu yokudla esikudlayo isengozini njengoba inkinga yesimo sezulu isongela izimpilo zezimvemvane nezinyosi
I-USDA ilinganisela ukuthi e-United States kuphela, izinyosi zithola impova yezitshalo ezibiza amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-15 minyaka yonke. Eziningi zalezi zitshalo zithola impova ngezinsizakalo zezinyosi eziphethwe ezilethwa kulo lonke izwe. Njengoba kubiza kakhulu ukuvikela inqwaba yezinyosi, lezi zinsizakalo nazo ziyabiza kakhulu, kusho uRamsey, okunomthelela ongaqondile emananini abathengi.
Kodwa i-Food and Agriculture Organization yeZizwe Ezihlangene ixwayisa ngokuthi uma inani lezinyosi liqhubeka nokwehla, umphumela omubi kakhulu uzoba usongo olukhulu kwikhwalithi nokuphepha kokudla.
I-HiveGuard ingenye yezindlela uJane asebenzisa ngayo imibono yebhizinisi ukusekela izinyosi. Ngo-2020, wasungula inkampani yezithasiselo zezempilo i-Queen Bee, ethengisa iziphuzo ezinempilo eziqukethe imikhiqizo yezinyosi njengoju kanye ne-royal jelly. Ibhodlela ngalinye elithengiswayo litshalwa ngomuthi wokuthulula impova nge-Tree for the Future, inhlangano engenzi nzuzo esebenza nemindeni yabalimi e-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara.
“Ithemba lami elikhulu ngemvelo ukubuyisela ibhalansi nokuphila ngokuvumelana nemvelo,” kusho uJane.
Ukholelwa ukuthi kungenzeka, kodwa kuzodinga ukucabanga ngeqembu. “Abantu bangafunda okuningi ezinyosini njengokwakha umphakathi,” enezela.
"Indlela ababengasebenzisana ngayo, indlela ababenganika ngayo amandla kanye nendlela ababengazidela ngayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikoloni."
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