Lesi sihloko sibuyekezwe ngokuhambisana nezinqubo nezinqubomgomo zokuhlela zeSayensi X. Abahleli bagcizelele lezi zimfanelo ezilandelayo ngenkathi beqinisekisa ubuqotho bokuqukethwe:
Ingqimba yangaphandle enamathelayo yesikhunta namabhaktheriya, ebizwa ngokuthi “i-extracellular matrix” noma i-ECM, inokuqina kwejeli futhi isebenza njengengqimba evikelayo kanye negobolondo. Kodwa ngokusho kocwaningo lwamuva nje olushicilelwe kumagazini i-iScience, olwenziwe yi-University of Massachusetts Amherst ngokubambisana ne-Worcester Polytechnic Institute, i-ECM yamanye ama-microorganisms yakha ijeli kuphela lapho kukhona i-oxalic acid noma amanye ama-asidi alula. googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1449240174198-2′); });
Ngenxa yokuthi i-ECM idlala indima ebalulekile kukho konke kusukela ekumelaneni nama-antibiotic kuya kumapayipi avinjiwe kanye nokungcola kwamadivayisi ezokwelapha, ukuqonda ukuthi ama-microorganisms alawula kanjani izendlalelo zawo zejeli ezinamathelayo kunemiphumela ebanzi empilweni yethu yansuku zonke.
“Bengilokhu nginesithakazelo kuma-ECM amagciwane,” kusho uBarry Goodell, uprofesa we-microbiology eNyuvesi yaseMassachusetts e-Amherst kanye nombhali omkhulu waleli phepha. “Abantu bavame ukucabanga nge-ECM njengengqimba yangaphandle evikelayo engaphili evikela amagciwane. Kodwa futhi ingasebenza njengomsele ovumela izakhamzimba nama-enzyme ukuthi angene futhi aphume kumaseli amagciwane.”
Isembozo senza imisebenzi eminingana: ukunamathela kwaso kusho ukuthi amagciwane ngamanye angahlangana ndawonye ukuze akhe amakoloni noma “ama-biofilms”, futhi uma amagciwane amaningi enza lokhu, angavimba amapayipi noma angcolise imishini yezokwelapha.
Kodwa igobolondo kumele futhi lingene. Ama-microorganism amaningi akhipha ama-enzyme ahlukahlukene kanye nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo nge-ECM ziye ezintweni afuna ukuzidla noma ukuzithelela (njengokhuni olubolayo noma izicubu zezilwane ezinomgogodla), bese kuthi lapho ama-enzyme eqeda umsebenzi wawo wokugaya ukudla, ahambise izakhamzimba nge-ECM. I-compound imuncwa ibuyele emzimbeni.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-ECM akuyona nje ungqimba oluvikelayo olungenawo amandla; Eqinisweni, njengoba kuboniswe nguGoodell nozakwabo, ama-microorganisms abonakala enekhono lokulawula ukunamathela kwe-ECM yawo kanye nokungena kwawo. Akwenza kanjani lokhu? Isithombe: B. Goodell
Kumakhowe, ukukhishwa kubonakala sengathi yi-oxalic acid, i-organic acid evamile etholakala ngokwemvelo ezitshalweni eziningi. Njengoba uGoodell nozakwabo bethole, kubonakala sengathi amagciwane amaningi asebenzisa i-oxalic acid ayikhiphayo ukuze abophe ungqimba lwangaphandle lwama-carbohydrate, akhe i-ECM enamathelayo, efana nejeli.
Kodwa lapho ithimba libhekisisa, lathola ukuthi i-oxalic acid ayisizanga nje kuphela ekukhiqizeni i-ECM, kodwa futhi “yayilawula”: lapho ama-microbes efaka i-oxalic acid eningi engxubeni ye-carbohydrate-acid, i-ECM iba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Lapho i-ECM iba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kulapho ivimba khona ama-molecule amakhulu ukuthi angangeni noma aphume ku-microbe, kuyilapho ama-molecule amancane ehlala ekhululekile ukungena ku-microbe evela endaweni ezungezile kanye nokuphikisana nalokho.
Lokhu kutholakala kuphonsela inselelo ukuqonda kwesayensi kwendabuko kokuthi izinhlobo ezahlukene zamakhemikhali akhishwa yi-fungus namabhaktheriya zingena kanjani ngempela kulezi zinambuzane zingene emvelweni. UGoodell nozakwabo basikisela ukuthi kwezinye izimo izinambuzane kungadingeka zithembele kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwama-molecule amancane kakhulu ukuze zihlasele i-matrix noma izicubu lapho i-microorganism ithembele khona ukuze isinde noma itheleleke.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwama-molecule amancane nakho kungadlala indima enkulu ekuqaliseni i-pathogenesis uma ama-enzyme amakhulu engakwazi ukudlula ku-microbial extracellular matrix.
“Kubonakala sengathi kukhona indawo ephakathi nendawo,” kusho uGoodell, “lapho ama-microorganisms engalawula khona amazinga e-acidity ukuze azivumelanise nendawo ethile, agcine amanye ama-molecule amakhulu, njengama-enzyme, kuyilapho evumela ama-molecule amancane ukuthi adlule kalula kwi-ECM.”
Ukuguqulwa kwe-ECM yi-oxalic acid kungaba yindlela yokuthi amagciwane azivikele emithini yokulwa namagciwane kanye namagciwane, njengoba eminingi yale mithi yakhiwe ngama-molecule amakhulu kakhulu. Yileli khono lokwenza ngokwezifiso elingaba yisihluthulelo sokunqoba esinye sezithiyo ezinkulu ekwelashweni ngamagciwane, njengoba ukusebenzisa i-ECM ukuze ikwazi ukungena kalula kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamagciwane kanye namagciwane.
“Uma singalawula ukwenziwa kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nokukhiqizwa kwama-asidi amancane njenge-oxalate kwamanye amagciwane, singalawula nokuthi yini engena kumagciwane, okungasenza sikwazi ukwelapha kangcono izifo eziningi zamagciwane,” kusho uGoodell.
Ulwazi olwengeziwe: Gabriel Perez-Gonzalez et al., Ukusebenzisana kwama-oxalates ne-beta-glucan: imiphumela ye-fungus extracellular matrix kanye nokuthuthwa kwe-metabolite, iScience (2023). I-DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106851
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