Lesi sihloko sibuyekezwe ngokuhambisana nezinqubo nezinqubomgomo zokuhlela zeSayensi X. Abahleli bagcizelele lezi zimfanelo ezilandelayo ngenkathi beqinisekisa ubuqotho bokuqukethwe:
I-carbon dioxide (CO2) iyisisetshenziswa esibalulekile sokuphila eMhlabeni kanye negesi ebamba ukushisa enegalelo ekufudumaleni komhlaba. Namuhla, ososayensi bafunda i-carbon dioxide njengomthombo othembisayo wokukhiqizwa kwamafutha avuselelekayo, anekhabhoni ephansi kanye nemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali enenani eliphezulu.
Inselele yabacwaningi ukuthola izindlela eziphumelelayo nezingabizi zokuguqula i-carbon dioxide ibe yizinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu ze-carbon intermediates ezifana ne-carbon monoxide, i-methanol noma i-formic acid.
Ithimba locwaningo eliholwa nguKK Neuerlin weNational Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) kanye nabalingani e-Argonne National Laboratory kanye nase-Oak Ridge National Laboratory lithole ikhambi elithembisayo kule nkinga. Ithimba lithuthukise indlela yokuguqula ukukhiqiza i-formic acid kusuka ku-carbon dioxide kusetshenziswa ugesi ovuselelekayo osebenza kahle kakhulu futhi ohlala isikhathi eside.
Ucwaningo, olunesihloko esithi “Ukwakhiwa kwe-Scalable membrane electrode assembly architecture for effective electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide to formic acid,” lwanyatheliswa ephephabhukwini i-Nature Communications.
I-Formic acid iyindlela engaba khona yokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali enezinhlobo eziningi zezicelo, ikakhulukazi njengezinto zokusetshenziswa ezimbonini zamakhemikhali noma zebhayoloji. I-Formic acid nayo ikhonjwe njenge-feedstock yokwenziwa kabusha kwe-biorefining ibe uphethiloli wezindiza ohlanzekile.
I-electrolysis ye-CO2 iholela ekunciphiseni kwe-CO2 ibe yizinto ezisebenzisana namakhemikhali njenge-formic acid noma ama-molecule njenge-ethylene lapho kusetshenziswa amandla kagesi kuseli le-electrolytic.
I-membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) ku-electrolyzer ngokuvamile iqukethe i-membrane eqhuba ama-ion (i-cation noma i-anion exchange membrane) ehlanganiswe phakathi kwama-electrode amabili aqukethe i-electrocatalyst kanye ne-polymer eqhuba ama-ion.
Besebenzisa ubuchwepheshe beqembu kubuchwepheshe bamaseli kaphethiloli kanye ne-hydrogen electrolysis, bafunde ukwakheka okuningana kwe-MEA kumaseli e-electrolytic ukuze baqhathanise ukunciphisa kwe-CO2 nge-electrochemical ne-formic acid.
Ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kokuhluleka kwemiklamo eyahlukahlukene, ithimba lifune ukusebenzisa imikhawulo yamasethi ezinto ezikhona, ikakhulukazi ukuntuleka kokwenqatshwa kwama-ion kuma-membrane okushintshana kwe-anion yamanje, nokwenza lula ukwakheka kohlelo lonke.
Ukusungulwa ngu-KS Neierlin noLeiming Hu be-NREL kwakuyi-electrolyzer ye-MEA ethuthukisiwe kusetshenziswa i-membrane entsha ye-cation exchange enezimbobo. Le membrane enezimbobo inikeza ukukhiqizwa kwe-formic acid okuqhubekayo, okukhethayo kakhulu futhi yenza kube lula ukuklama ngokusebenzisa izingxenye ezingasetshenziswanga.
“Imiphumela yalolu cwaningo imele ushintsho olubonakalayo ekukhiqizweni kwama-organic acids nge-electrochemical njenge-formic acid,” kusho umlobi-mbhali uNeierlin. “Isakhiwo se-membrane esinezimbobo sinciphisa ubunzima bemiklamo yangaphambilini futhi singasetshenziswa futhi ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye nokuqina kwamanye amadivayisi okuguqula i-carbon dioxide nge-electrochemical.”
Njenganoma yikuphi ukuthuthuka kwesayensi, kubalulekile ukuqonda izici zezindleko kanye nokusebenziseka kwezomnotho. Besebenza eminyangweni yonke, abacwaningi be-NREL uZhe Huang noTao Ling bethule ukuhlaziywa kobuchwepheshe kwezomnotho okuhlonza izindlela zokufeza ukulingana kwezindleko nezinqubo zokukhiqiza i-formic acid yezimboni zanamuhla lapho izindleko zikagesi ovuselelekayo zingaphansi noma zingaphansi kwamasenti angu-2.3 nge-kilowatt-hora.
“Ithimba lithole le miphumela lisebenzisa ama-catalyst atholakala kwezentengiselwano kanye nezinto ze-polymer membrane, ngenkathi lidala umklamo we-MEA osebenzisa ithuba lokukhula kwamaseli kaphethiloli wesimanje kanye nezitshalo ze-hydrogen electrolysis,” kusho uNeierlin.
"Imiphumela yalolu cwaningo ingasiza ekuguquleni i-carbon dioxide ibe uphethiloli namakhemikhali kusetshenziswa ugesi ovuselelekayo kanye ne-hydrogen, okusheshisa ukushintshela ekukhuleni nasekuthengisweni."
Ubuchwepheshe bokuguqulwa kwama-electrochemical buyisici esiyinhloko sohlelo lwe-NREL lwe-Electrons to Molecules, olugxile ku-hydrogen evuselelekayo yesizukulwane esilandelayo, uphethiloli ongekho, amakhemikhali nezinto zokwakha izinqubo eziqhutshwa ngogesi.
“Uhlelo lwethu luhlola izindlela zokusebenzisa ugesi ovuselelekayo ukuguqula ama-molecule afana ne-carbon dioxide namanzi abe ama-compounds angasebenza njengemithombo yamandla,” kusho uRandy Cortright, umqondisi wesu lokudlulisa ama-electron kanye/noma ama-precursor we-NREL lokukhiqizwa kukaphethiloli.
"Lolu cwaningo lokuguqulwa kwe-electrochemical luhlinzeka ngentuthuko engasetshenziswa ezinqubweni ezahlukene zokuguqulwa kwe-electrochemical, futhi sibheke phambili emiphumeleni ethembisayo evela kuleli qembu."
Ulwazi olwengeziwe: Leiming Hu et al., Ukwakhiwa kwe-Scalable membrane electrode assembly yokuguqulwa kwe-CO2 nge-electrochemical okuphumelelayo ku-formic acid, Nature Communications (2023). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43409-6
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