Imakethe ye-formic acid ibanzi kakhulu futhi okwamanje ibonakala ngocwaningo oluqhubekayo ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha okulindeleke ukuthi zisize imboni ukuthi ikhule ngesivinini esingakaze sibonwe phakathi kuka-2021-2027.
Ngokusho kombiko we-World Health Organization, ukusetshenziswa kokudla okungaphephile kuyimbangela yezigameko eziyizigidi ezingu-600 zezifo ezibangelwa ukudla kanye nokufa kwabantu abangaba ngu-420,000 emhlabeni jikelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izigidi ezingu-1.35 zalezi zifo ezishiwo yi-CDC kungenzeka ukuthi zibangelwe yi-Salmonella, okwaholela ekulalisweni esibhedlela cishe okungu-26,500 kanye nokufa okungu-420 e-United States.
Uma sibheka ukutholakala kwayo yonke indawo kanye nomthelela obanzi walesi sifo esitholakala ekudleni, ukusebenzisa amasu okunciphisa ukuba khona kwamagciwane ezilwaneni kuyisisombululo esisebenzayo sale nkinga. Kulokhu, ukusetshenziswa kwama-organic acid ekudleni kwezilwane kungasebenza njengendlela ebalulekile yokuvimbela amagciwane nokuvimbela ukungcoliswa kwawo esikhathini esizayo. Yilapho i-formic acid iqala khona ukusebenza.
I-Formic acid inciphisa izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ekudleni kwezilwane futhi ivimbela ukukhula kwazo endleleni yokugaya ukudla kwezinyoni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nhlanganisela ichazwe njenge-ejenti yokulwa namagciwane esebenza kahle kakhulu ngokumelene ne-Salmonella nezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.
Ucwaningo oluvelele lungavula izindlela ezintsha zemboni ye-formic acid ekusetshenzisweni kokudla kwezilwane
Ngo-Ephreli 2021, ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi i-sodium-buffered formic acid ingasetshenziswa ekudleni kwe-pellet kanye ne-mash ezindaweni zokugcina izingulube, abalimi bezinkukhu, kanye nabaqedi bezingulube ukuze kuhlinzekwe izinyanga ezi-3 zokufaka i-acid njalo.
Ukuhlushwa kwalesi sakhi kubonise ukuzinza okukhulu ekudleni okuphekiwe kanye nokuhlanziwe, futhi ukufakwa emazingeni aphezulu kwehlisa i-pH yokudla. Le miphumela ingasiza abakhiqizi ukuqonda kangcono ukusetshenziswa kwe-formic acid ekudleni okuphekiwe kanye ne-pellet ekusetshenzisweni kokudla kwezilwane.
Uma sikhuluma ngalokho, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nge-BASF's Amasil formic acid. Ngokusho kwenkampani, lo mkhiqizo usekela ukusebenza okubalulekile kokukhiqiza izilwane ngokuthuthukisa ukuhlanzeka kokudla, okungasiza abakhiqizi bamaqanda nezinkukhu ukuthi bakhiqize kahle.
Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kokudla kwezilwane kusalokhu kuvelele embonini yonke, i-formic acid nayo ingena kwezinye izimboni - ezinye zazo zihlanganisa izimboni zemithi, zesikhumba, zezindwangu, zerabha kanye nephepha.
Ngokusho kocwaningo lwakamuva, i-85% ye-formic acid ibhekwa njengephephile, engabizi, futhi iyindlela ephumelelayo yokwelapha ama-warts avamile ngokuthobela okuphezulu kanye nemiphumela emibi ephansi.
Nokho, ukwanda komhlaba wonke kwezehlakalo zama-common warts kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwe-formic acid emithini yokwelapha lezi zimo. Ama-common warts athinta cishe amaphesenti ayi-10 abantu emhlabeni, kanti amaphesenti angaba ngu-10 kuya kwangu-20 ezinganeni ezifunda esikoleni, ngokusho kombiko wakamuva ka-2022 we-National Center for Biotechnology Information. Avame kakhulu kubacubunguli benyama kanye neziguli ezicindezelwe amasosha omzimba.
Ensimini yezindwangu, i-formic acid ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuqeda igesi ye-nitrous acid, amadayi angathathi hlangothi kanye namadayi e-weak acid enqubweni ye-Tyco's sub-micron sodium nitrate. Le nhlanganisela yaziwa ngokuthuthukisa izinga lokusebenza kwamadayi ezinqubweni ze-chromium mordant. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwe-formic acid esikhundleni se-sulfuric acid ekudayini kungagwema ukuwohloka kwe-cellulose, ngoba i-acidity iphakathi nendawo, iyi-ejenti enhle yokusiza.
Embonini yerabha, i-formic acid ilungele ukujiya i-latex yemvelo ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo eziningi, okuhlanganisa:
Lezi zinzuzo zenza le ngxenyana ibe ngenye yezindlela zokuqinisa irabha yemvelo ezingcono kakhulu zokukhiqiza irabha eyomile. Izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi ukuqina kwerabha yemvelo kusetshenziswa ukuhlushwa okufanele kwe-formic acid kanye nendlela enconywayo kungakhiqiza irabha eyomile yekhwalithi enhle enombala omuhle odingwa abakhiqizi nabasabalalisi.
Isidingo esikhulayo se-latex yerabha yokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwamagilavu, izigqoko zokubhukuda, i-chewing gum kanye neminye imikhiqizo singathinta ukuthengiswa kwe-formic acid compound emhlabeni jikelele. Ingasaphathwa eyokuthi, ukukhula kokuthengiswa kwamagilavu ​​​​ngesikhathi sobhubhane lwe-COVID-19 kunikeze ukukhushulwa okuhle emakethe ye-formic acid.
Amazinga omhlaba wonke e-carbon dioxide enobuthi ayanda, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali ahlukene kuzokwandisa kuphela lokhu kutholakala kwe-carbon. Ngokusho kombiko we-IEA, ukukhishwa kwe-carbon okuqondile okuvela ekukhiqizweni kwamakhemikhali okuqala kwakungu-920 Mt CO2 ngo-2020. Ngenxa yalokhu, ohulumeni nezinhlangano manje basebenza ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-carbon ngokuguqula igesi ibe ama-acid angokwemvelo angasetshenziswa ezimbonini ezahlukene.
Komunye umboniso onjalo, ithimba labacwaningi eTokyo Institute of Technology eJapane lakha uhlelo lwe-photocatalytic olunganciphisa i-carbon dioxide ngosizo lokukhanya kwelanga futhi luguqule lube yi-formic acid ngokukhetha okungamaphesenti angama-90. Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi uhlelo lukwazile ukubonisa ukukhetha kwe-formic acid okungama-80% kuya ku-90% kanye ne-quantum yield engu-4.3%.
Nakuba ukukhiqizwa kwe-formic acid kusuka ku-carbon dioxide kubaluleke kakhulu embonini yamakhemikhali namuhla, imithombo ibikezela ukuthi i-compound ingabonakala njenge-molecule yokugcina i-hydrogen esebenza kahle emnothweni we-hydrogen wesikhathi esizayo. Eqinisweni, i-formic acid kanye nezinto eziphuma kuyo zingabhekwa njengoketshezi olugcinwayo lwe-carbon dioxide olungasetshenziswa ngqo ezintanjeni zamakhemikhali ezikhona.